Showing posts with label heat. Show all posts
Showing posts with label heat. Show all posts
Wednesday, March 27, 2013
PC Heat Monitor
The PC processor generates very high temperature during its operation which is dissipated by the large heat sink placed above the processor. If the heat sink assembly is not tight with the processor or the cooling fan is not working, PC enters into the Thermal shutdown mode and will not boot up. If the PC is not entering into thermal shutdown, the high temperature can destroy the processor. This simple circuit can be placed inside the PC to monitor the temperature near the processor. It gives warning beeps when the temperature near the heat sink increases abnormally. This helps to shutdown the PC immediately before it enters into Thermal shutdown.
The circuit uses a Piezo element (one used in Buzzer) as the heat sensor. The piezo crystals reorient when subjected to heat or mechanical stress and generates about one volt through the Direct piezoelectric property. IC1 is designed as a voltage sensor with both the inputs tied through the capacitor C1.The non inverting input is connected to the ground through R1 to keep the output low in the standby state. The inputs of IC1 are very sensitive and even a minute change in voltage level will change the output state.
In the standby mode, both the inputs of IC1 are balanced so that output remains low. When the Piezo element accepts heat, it generates a minute voltage which will upset the input balance and output swings high. This triggers LED and Buzzer. Capacitor C2 gives a short lag before the buzzer beeps to avoid false triggering. Warning beep continues till the piezo element cools.
Note: Enclose the circuit inside the PC with the piezo element close to the heat sink of the processor. Adjust the distance between the piezo element and heat sink so as to keep the circuit standby in the normal condition. The piezo element can sense a 10 degree rise in temperature from a distance of 5 cms. Power to the circuit can be tapped from the 12 volt line of SMPS.
Tuesday, March 19, 2013
Heat Sensitive Switch Circuit Diagram
At the heart of this heat-sensitive switch is IC LM35 (IC1), which is a linear temperature sensor and linear temperature-to-voltage converter circuit. The converter provides accurately linear and directly proportional output signal in millivolts over the temperature range of 0°C to 155°C. It develops an output voltage of 10 mV per degree centigrade change in the ambient temperature. Therefore the output voltage varies from 0mV at 0°C to 1V at 100°C and any voltage measurement circuit connected across the output pins can read the temperature directly. The input and ground pins of this heat-to-voltage converter IC are connected across the regulated power supply rails and decoupled by R1 and C1. Its temperature-tracking output is applied to the non-inverting input (pin 3) of the comparator built around IC2. The inverting input (pin 2) of IC2 is connected across the positive supply rails via a voltage divider network formed by potentiometer VR1. Since the wiper of potentiometer VR1 is connected to the inverting input of IC2, the voltage presented to this pin is linearly variable.
Circuit diagram :
Heat Sensitive Switch Circuit DiagramThis voltage is used as the reference level for the comparator against the output supplied by IC1. So if the non-inverting input of IC2 receives a voltage lower than the set level, its output goes low (approximately 650 mV). This low level is applied to the input of the load-relay driver comprising npn transistors T1 and T2. The low level presented at the base of transistor T1 keeps it nonconductive. Since T2 receives the forward bias voltage via the emitter of T1, it is also kept non-conductive. Hence, relay RL1 is in de-energised state, keeping mains supply to the load ‘off’ as long as the temperature at the sensor is low. Conversely, if the non-inverting input receives a voltage higher than the set level, its output goes high (approximately 2200mV) and the load is turned ‘on.’ This happens when IC1 is at a higher temperature and its output voltage is also higher than the set level at the inverting input of IC2. So the load is turned on as soon as the ambient temperature rises above the set level.
Capacitor C3 at this pin helps iron out any ripple that passes through the positive supply rail to avoid errors in the circuit operation. By adjusting potentiometer VR1 and thereby varying the reference voltage level at the inverting input pin of IC1, the temperature threshold at which energisation of the relay is required can be set. As this setting is linear, the knob of potentiometer VR1 can be provided with a linear dial calibrated in degrees centigrade. Therefore any temperature level can be selected and constantly monitored for external actions like turning on a room heater in winter or a room cooler in summer. The circuit can also be used to activate emergency fire extinguishers, if positioned at the probable fire accident site. The circuit can be modified to operate any electrical appliance. In that case, relay RL1 must be a heavy-duty type with appropriately rated contacts to match the power demands of the load to be operated.
Author : M.K. Chandra Mouleeswaran & Miss Kalan Priya - Copyright : EFY
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